What kind of data should I collect ?
Here is a list of things to prepare for a typical petroleum system analyses project. The first two item on the list are required.
- Map surfaces of all horizons, including bathymetry/topography, top & base salt. These needs to be in digital grid formats, (ZMap, CPS3, etc. Trinity reads more than 30 grid formats.). It is important to have some younger aged surfaces which may determine the recent burial history.
- Basic well data (stratigraphy, age, lithology, temperature, vitrinite Ro) are needed for 1D model calibration. Good to have these organized in spreadsheets. This will help determine heat flow history. Bottom hole temperature are available on well log headers. But DST test temperatures are the best to have. MDT, RFT tests also provide temperature data. Well location XY or LL will be required.
- Field data such as field outlines, fluid type, phase, GOC, OWC, column heights, GOR, API, reserves, formation and age, well and surface data such as shows, dry holes, and their TD. In new areas, seeps are very useful for calibration of source rock, maturation and migration models. Again, coordinates for all data are required.
- PVT data (saturation pressure, GOR, and fluid composition data) of the fluids are very useful for understanding the phase behavior of the fluids during migration. It is useful to constrain at what depth/pressure we are likely to encounter dual phase and what fluid phase/type may end up in our prospects, and what properties (GOR, API ...) and volumes. This is also useful for shale plays where phase risk can result in gas production where oil is expected.
- Source rock data include Rock Eval data of the potential source interval, thickness, hydrogen index and TOC. It is important to know the depositional facies of the source rock. Don't forget coordinates and depth for all your data.
- Reservoir/carrier seismic amplitude maps, fault polygons, channel/fan polygons and depositional environment maps are important in migration modeling.
- Basement, grav/mag maps, geological sub-crop maps, tectonic subdivision maps may be useful for interpolating and extrapolating heat flows. It is good to have surface geological maps for on shore areas.
- Culture data such as borders, block boundaries, well locations, seismic navigation are good to have for references (ArcGIS shape files or landmark formats).
- If you are concerned with hydrodynamics, the required input is a potentiometric map of the area. We can construct the map based on pressure data. Salinity of fluids and oil-water contact information may be useful as well.
- For areas pressure prediction is important, we would collect and use all pressure data (DSTs, MDT, RFT, leak off tests and production test, as well as mud weights). Maps of sand extent is important factor in pressure prediction.
- It is very important to have location information for all your data, especially well data, fluid, fields and source rock data. TVDSS would be the best to have for depth, and coordinates should be in XY of your preferred projection system, or latitude and longitude.
Number 2 on the list above are mostly for 1D Genesis calibration, we recommend preparing a Excel spreadsheet for each well. Here is
an example file
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